Handbook of Occupational Therapy for Adults with Physical Disabilities

Handbook of Occupational Therapy for Adults With Physical Disabilities by Drs. William Sit and Marsha Neville provides quick and essential information for occupational therapists that are new to the adult practice setting.
 
This handbook is primarily organized by body system into six sections:

• Occupational performance as a whole
• Central nervous system
• Peripheral nervous system, cranial nerves, and sensory system
• Musculoskeletal system
• Cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, and integumentary systems
• Endocrine, digestive, urinary, and reproductive system

 
At the beginning of each section, you will find a case study based on clinical experience that embodies the chapter subject. Within each section information is broken down into important aspects of the evaluation process, and then followed by the implications of each system on occupational therapy intervention. Handbook of Occupational Therapy for Adults With Physical Disabilities also includes a summary chart where readers can quickly and easily find the purpose, context, form, cost, and contact information for each assessment.
 
Handbook of Occupational Therapy for Adults With Physical Disabilities is ideal for occupational therapy students, recent graduates, and practitioners who are newly entering an adult physical disability practice setting.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Contents

Dedication................................................................................................................. v
Acknowledgments............................................................................................... xiii
About the Authors................................................................................................. xv
Introduction......................................................................................................... xvii
 
Section One: Occupational Performance.......................... 1
Unit 1: Need To Know
Case......................................................................................................................... 3
Chart Review........................................................................................................ 4
Client Interview................................................................................................... 6
Continuum of Care............................................................................................ 15
Documentation.................................................................................................. 16
Transfer Checklist............................................................................................. 22
 
Unit 2: Evaluation
Common Assessments Across Practice Settings....................................... 25
Functional Outcome Measures for Acute and Intensive
Care Unit Settings........................................................................................ 34
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure......................................... 38
Functional Independence Measure and Quality Measures for
Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities........................................................... 44
Barthel Index........................................................................................................ 77
Executive Function Performance Test........................................................... 81
Home Safety Assessments................................................................................. 83
Driving and Community Mobility Screening................................................ 87
 
Unit 3: Intervention
Common Interventions Across Practice Settings........................................ 91
Commonly Used Medical and Adaptive Equipment................................... 94
Easily Created Adaptive Equipment............................................................... 96
Home Modifications............................................................................................ 98
Ergonomic Modifications................................................................................ 100
Job Accommodations........................................................................................ 103
Driving Rehabilitation and Community Mobility..................................... 104
 
Section Two: Central Nervous System......................... 111
Unit 1: Need To Know
Case....................................................................................................................... 113
Structures, Functions, and Pathologies: Skills and Factors
Associated With Areas of the Brain...................................................... 114
FAST Warning Signs of a Stroke.................................................................... 129
Neuroendocrine Dysfunction Following Brain Injury............................. 130
 
Unit 2: Evaluation
Common Assessments Across Practice Settings....................................... 131
Glasgow Coma Scale......................................................................................... 139
Rancho Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale..................... 141
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.................................................. 146
Allen Cognitive Levels...................................................................................... 151
Montreal Cognitive Assessment.................................................................... 162
Global Deterioration Scale.............................................................................. 171
American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale........................... 173
Modified Ashworth Scale................................................................................ 179
Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor
Recovery Following a Stroke.................................................................. 181
 
Unit 3: Intervention
Common Interventions Across Practice Settings..................................... 183
Pain Management Strategies.......................................................................... 184
Bed Positioning With Hemiplegia................................................................. 186
Motor Control/Motor Learning..................................................................... 188
Cognitive Rehabilitation Strategies.............................................................. 190
Allen Cognitive Level Guidelines................................................................... 194
Altered Mental Status and Dementia Intervention Strategies.............. 196
Functions Associated With Spinal Cord Injury Levels
and Preserving Upper Extremity Function After
a Spinal Cord Injury.................................................................................. 199
Splinting for Spinal Cord Injuries................................................................. 207
Central Nervous System Precautions and Contraindications............... 210
 
Section Three:
Sensory System, Cranial Nerves, and
Peripheral Nervous System............................................ 221
Unit 1: Need To Know
Case....................................................................................................................... 223
Dizziness.............................................................................................................. 224
Pupil Scale........................................................................................................... 229
Pain....................................................................................................................... 230
Dermatomes and Key Test Points................................................................. 232
 
Unit 2: Evaluation
Common Assessments Across Practice Settings....................................... 234
Cranial Nerve Screening.................................................................................. 237
Vestibular Evaluation....................................................................................... 246
Vision Screening and Assessments............................................................... 250
Pain Evaluation.................................................................................................. 253
Sensory Tests..................................................................................................... 254
Provocative Peripheral Nerve Tests............................................................ 257
 
Unit 3: Intervention
Common Interventions Across Practice Settings..................................... 265
Low Vision Intervention Strategies.............................................................. 268
Vestibular Rehabilitation................................................................................ 271
Pain Management.............................................................................................. 274
Common Splints for the Peripheral Nervous System.............................. 275
Peripheral Nervous System
Precautions and Contraindications...................................................... 276
 
Section Four: Musculoskeletal System......................... 283
Unit 1: Need To Know
Case....................................................................................................................... 285
Myotomes............................................................................................................ 286
Muscle Functions............................................................................................... 287
 
Unit 2: Evaluation
Common Assessments Across Practice Settings....................................... 296
Range of Motion................................................................................................. 300
Manual Muscle Testing Guidelines............................................................... 303
Dexterity and Coordination Assessments.................................................. 311
Provocative Tests.............................................................................................. 313
 
Unit 3: Intervention
Common Interventions Across Practice Settings..................................... 322
Inhibition and Facilitation Techniques....................................................... 325
Physical Agent Modalities............................................................................... 329
Kinesio Taping................................................................................................... 339
Orthopedic Serial Casting............................................................................... 343
Orthotic Guidelines........................................................................................... 346
Prostheses........................................................................................................... 357
Wheelchair Prescription................................................................................. 362
Musculoskeletal System Precautions and Contraindications................ 364
 
Section Five:
Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory,
and Integumentary Systems.......................................... 371
Unit 1: Need To Know
Case....................................................................................................................... 373
Vital Signs............................................................................................................ 374
Hematology Values........................................................................................... 377
Electrocardiogram Interpretation................................................................ 379
Echocardiogram................................................................................................ 383
Metabolic Equivalents and Activities........................................................... 384
 
Unit 2: Evaluation
Common Assessments Across Practice Settings....................................... 386
Stages of a Pressure Ulcer Wound................................................................ 388
Edema Scale........................................................................................................ 390
 
Unit 3: Intervention
Common Interventions Across Practice Settings..................................... 391
Phase 1 Cardiac Rehabilitation Guidelines and Precautions................. 394
Energy Conservation Tips............................................................................... 396
Burn Care............................................................................................................ 397
Passy-Muir Valve............................................................................................... 401
Common Intensive Care Unit Equipment................................................... 402
Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, and Integumentary
Systems Precautions and Contraindications..................................... 424
 
Section Six:
Endocrine, Digestive, Urinary, and
Reproductive Systems..................................................... 429
Unit 1: Need To Know
Case....................................................................................................................... 431
Chemistry Lab Values....................................................................................... 432
Swallow Anatomy and Dysphagia................................................................. 437
 
Unit 2: Evaluation
Common Assessments Across Practice Settings....................................... 440
Pharmacology..................................................................................................... 442
Swallow Assessment......................................................................................... 448
 
Unit 3: Intervention
Common Interventions Across Practice Settings...................................... 450
Nutrition and Feeding Tubes.......................................................................... 452
Dysphagia Management................................................................................... 454
Managing Ostomies........................................................................................... 459
Managing Incontinence.................................................................................... 461
Addressing Sexuality........................................................................................ 462
Endocrine, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive Systems
Precautions and Contraindications..................................................... 463
 
Appendix A: Conversions................................................................................... 467
Appendix B: Rehabilitation Abbreviations.................................................... 469
Appendix C: Resources....................................................................................... 479
Index    483
 

Reviews

“A must-have for OTs of all experience levels. . . .the most comprehensive adult physical disability handbook for occupational therapy currently on the market.”
© Doody’s Review Service, 2020, Kirsten N. Davin, OTD, Baylor University Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences
 

About the Editors

William Sit, PhD, OTR/L, BCPR, CLVST-BIG is a faculty member at Texas Woman’s University and chair of the Trinity North District of the Texas Occupational Therapy Association. For decades, he has worked in physical disabilities settings, including acute care, rehabilitation, outpatient, and home health, and he was unsatisfied with the availability of a single resource that effectively identifies key components of evaluation and intervention. As a result, he became motivated to write a handbook that fosters clinical reasoning development for occupational therapists in an adult practice setting, particularly for entry-level therapists and those newly entering a physical disabilities setting.
 
Dr. Marsha Neville, OT, PhD began her career in occupational therapy in 1974 as a certified occupational therapy assistant. In 1978 she became a registered occupational therapist after graduating from Eastern Michigan University (Ypsilanti, Michigan). She later completed her PhD in Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Texas at Dallas. Her long career in occupational therapy has focused on adult rehabilitation and research related to interventions for persons with acquired brain injuries. She is a professor in the School of Occupational Therapy at Texas Woman’s University.