Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Editor
Contributing Authors
Preface
Section I Esophagus
Question 1 What Are the Risk Factors for the Development of Esophageal Cancer?
Kevin D. Halsey, MD and Bruce D. Greenwald, MD
Question 2 Do All Patients With Esophageal Cancer Require Surgery or Can
Some Be Managed With Nonsurgical (Endoscopic, Oncologic, Etc)
Methods Alone?
Robin B. Mendelsohn, MD and Christopher J. DiMaio, MD
Question 3 What Options Exist for Enteral Feeding in Preoperative Patients
With Esophageal Cancer Who Have Dysphagia?
Vivek Kaul, MD, FACG
Question 4 An 81-Year-Old Man Is Found to Have Unresectable Esophageal
Cancer and Malignant Dysphagia. Should He Have a Stent? A Nasogastric
Feeding Tube? A Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube?
Katarina B. Greer, MD, MS and Ashley L. Faulx, MD, FASGE
Question 5 How Should Malignant Tracheoesophageal Fistulae Be Managed
in Patients With Esophageal Cancer?
Ananya Das, MD, FACG, FASGE
Question 6 A 55-Year-Old Man Undergoes an Esophagectomy for Esophageal
Cancer. Two Years Later, He Develops Dysphagia and a Contrast
Study Discloses a Narrowing at His Anastomosis. How Should This Be
Investigated and Treated?
Michael Walker, MD and John Fang, MD
Section II Gastric
Question 7 What Are The Known Risk Factors For the Development of Gastric Cancer?
Selvi Thirumurthi, MD, MS
Question 8 What Is the Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori and the
Development of Gastric Cancer and Lymphoma? Do All Patients With
Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Malignancies Need Surgery?
Scott Pollack, MD and Virendra Joshi, MD, AGAF
Question 9 What Options Exist for Patients With Gastric Outlet Obstruction
From Gastric Cancer?
Andrew Singleton, MD and Robert E. Glasgow, MD
Question 10 What Is the Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Staging Gastric Cancers?
Jeffrey L. Tokar, MD
Question 11 How Is Tumor-Related Bleeding From Gastric Cancers Best Approached?
Jeffrey L. Tokar, MD
Question 12 What Is Linitis Plastica and How Does Its Development Affect
the Management and Prognosis of Patients With Gastric Cancer?
Caroline R. Tadros, MD
Question 13 A 42-Year-Old Woman Has an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy for Dyspepsia.
A 2-cm Submucosal Lesion in the Proximal Stomach Is Seen. How Should This
Lesion Be Further Evaluated and Treated?
Robert C. Wrona, MD and Robert E. Glasgow, MD
Section III Pancreatic
Question 14 A 54-Year-Old Woman Has Weight Loss and Back Pain. An Ultrasound
Is Suggestive of a Solid Mass in Her Pancreas. How Should Her
Evaluation Best Proceed With Regards to Diagnosis and Staging?
Randall K. Pearson, MD
Question 15 Do Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and Jaundice Need to Have an
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Preoperatively?
Todd H. Baron, MD
Question 16 A 43-Year-Old Woman Has Syncope Due to Hypoglycemia. An
Insulinoma Is Suspected. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance
Imaging of Her Abdomen Are Negative. How Should This Patient Be
Further Evaluated?
Sergey V. Kantsevoy, MD, PhD
Question 17 How Should a Cystic Pancreatic Lesion Be Evaluated Prior to Treatment?
Which Cystic Lesions in the Pancreas Require Resection and Which
Can Be Followed Conservatively?
Randall K. Pearson, MD
Question 18 What Is the Role of Metal Biliary Stents in Patients With Unresectable
Pancreatic Cancer and Jaundice?
Sergey V. Kantsevoy, MD, PhD
Question 19 Should Patients With a Strong Family History of Pancreatic Cancer
Be Screened for the Disease, and if so, How?
David Chu, MD and Douglas G. Adler, MD, FACG, AGAF, FASGE
Question 20 A 78-Year-Old Woman With Pancreatic Cancer and Severe Pain Is
Referred to You for Evaluation. What Is the Role of Celiac Plexus Neurolysis
to Control Pain in These Patients?
Nikhil Banerjee, MD and Douglas G. Adler, MD, FACG, AGAF, FASGE
Question 21 A 70-Year-Old Man With Pancreatic and Liver Cancers Develops Gastric
Outlet Obstruction Due to a Mass Compressing the Mass Proximal Duodenum.
What Treatment Options Exist for This Situation?
Todd H. Baron, MD
Question 22 A 67-Year-Old Man With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Undergoes Endoscopic
Ultrasound, Which Reveals Malignant Adenopathy and Superior Mesenteric
and Portal Vein Involvement. What Treatment Options Exist for This Patient?
Sean J. Mulvihill, MD
Question 23 A 68-Year-Old Man Develops Painless Jaundice. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Demonstrates a Large Ampullary Mass. Biopsies
Demonstrate Adenocarcinoma. How Should This Patient Be Managed?
Shyam J. Thakkar, MD and Douglas Pleskow, MD, AGAF, FASGE
Section IV Biliary
Question 24 A 24-Year-Old Female Is Found to Have Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
What Is Her Risk of Developing Cholangiocarcinoma?
James D. Morris, MD and Virendra Joshi, MD, AGAF
Question 25 What Is the Role of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and
Endoscopic Ultrasound in Patients With Suspected Cholangiocarcinoma?
Rabi Kundu, MD, FRCS and Douglas Pleskow, MD, AGAF, FASGE
Question 26 Which Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma Are Candidates For Surgical
Resection? Is Liver Transplant an Option for Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma?
William R. Hutson, MD
Question 27 What Oncologic Treatment Options Exist for Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma
Who Are Not Considered Surgical Candidates?
Kimberly Jones, MD
Question 28 Should Patients With Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma and Jaundice
Be Managed Via Endoscopy With Stents, Interventional Radiologists
With Drains, or Both?
Allene Salcedo Burdette, MD
Question 29 What Is the Role of Photodynamic Therapy and Brachytherapy in
Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma?
Ananya Das, MD, FACG, FASGE
Section V Hepatic
Question 30 What Are the Risk Factors for the Development of Heptaocellular Cancer?
Ravinder R. Kurella, MD and William M. Tierney, MD
Question 31 A 55-Year-Old Man is Newly Diagnosed With Cirrhosis From Hepatitis C.
What Is the Best Imaging Modality and Treatment Strategy to Screen Him for
Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
William R. Hutson, MD
Question 32 Which Patients With Hepatocellular Cancer Are Candidates for Liver
Transplantation or Surgical Resection?
Colin T. Swales, MD and Fredric D. Gordon, MD
Question 33 In Nonsurgical Patients With Hepatocellular Cancer, What Treatment Options
Exist, and How Effective Are They?
Allene Salcedo Burdette, MD
Question 34 A 67-Year-Old Female With Cirrhosis Develops Hepatocellular Cancer.
Shortly After Diagnosis, She Becomes Jaundiced. How Do You Determine if
the Jaundice Is Due to Cirrhosis, Biliary Obstruction, or Both?
Darryn Potosky, MD and Eric Goldberg, MD
Question 35 A 55-Year-Old Cirrhotic Man Is Found to Have a 1.5-cm Liver Lesion and
an Elevated Alpha-Fetoprotein. Is a Biopsy or Other Testing Required to Confirm
a Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma? What Other Evaluation Is Warranted?
Fredric D. Gordon, MD
Section VI Small Bowel and Colon
Question 36 What Diseases Increase the Risk of Developing Small Bowel Carcinoma?
Caroline R. Tadros, MD
Question 37 What Are the Current Guidelines for Screening for Colorectal Cancer?
Harshinie C. Amaratunge, MD and Waqar A. Qureshi, MD
Chapter 38 What Are the Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer?
Devina Bhasin, MD and Ashley L. Faulx, MD, FASGE
Chapter 39 What Surgical Options Are Available for Patients With Colon Cancer, Including
Those Who Present With Acute Obstruction?
Clifford S. Cho, MD, FACS
Chapter 40 How Should Patients With a Solitary Liver Metastasis From Colon
Cancer Be Evaluated and Treated?
Clifford S. Cho, MD, FACS
Chapter 41 What Patients With Colorectal Cancer Should Be Considered for a
Colonic Stent?
Jeffrey Laczek, MD and Peter Darwin, MD
Chapter 42 What Is the Best Surveillance Regimen for Patients Following Colon
Cancer Resection?
David Chu, MD and Douglas G. Adler, MD, FACG, AGAF, FASGE
Chapter 43 A 78-Year-Old Man With Metastatic Colon Cancer Had a Colonic
Stent Placed 16 Months Ago. He Has Developed Recurrent Obstruction at the
Site of the Tumor. How Should This Patient Be Evaluated and Managed?
Waqar A. Qureshi, MD and Yasser H. Shaib, MD, MPH, FASGE
Section VII Rectum and Anus
Question 44 A 55-Year-Old Man Presents With Rectal Bleeding. A Digital Rectal
Exam Reveals a Firm 1-cm Perianal Lesion. Biopsy of This Lesion Is Consistent
With Squamous Cell Carcinoma. How Do You Manage This Patient?
Selvi Thirumurthi, MD, MS
Question 45 Why Are Rectal Cancers so Different From Colon Cancers With Regard
to Medical and Surgical Management?
Kimberly Jones, MD
Question 46 What Is the Role of Endorectal Ultrasound in Patients With Rectal
Cancer? Do All Patients With Rectal Cancer Need to Have an Endorectal
Ultrasound?
Leyla J. Ghazi, MD and David A. Schwartz, MD
Question 47 Which Patients With Rectal Cancer Should Undergo Neoadjuvant Therapy
and Which Patients Can Proceed Directly to Surgery?
Ryan C. Van Woerkom, MD and Douglas G. Adler, MD, FACG, AGAF, FASGE
Question 48 How Should Patients Be Followed After Successful Treatment for
Rectal Cancer?
Brad Shepherd, MD; David A. Schwartz, MD; and Paul E. Wise, MD
Question 49 How Low in the Rectum Can a Colonic Stent Be Safely Placed? What
Happens if the Stent Is Deployed Too Far Distally?
Vivek Kaul, MD, FACG
Financial Disclosures
Index
“As academic gastroenterologists with expertise in interventional gastroenterology, we found the book to be very relevant and appropriate for our practice. This book serves as a bridge and quick refresher for the diagnosis and management of common gastrointestinal cancers. We would highly recommend this book to our colleagues and to advanced endoscopy and oncology fellows.”
-Michael Gilles, MD and Gulshan Parasher, MD, FACP, FACG, Practical Gastroenterology